Causes Of Nitrogen Gas

Nitrogen is one of the four main components of Earth's atmosphere.

Nitrogen is an element, the seventh element of the periodic table. In nature it's found primarily in its gaseous form as a diatomic molecule with the molecular formula N2. Since important organic molecules like DNA and proteins contain nitrogen, this element is vital for life as we know it on Earth. Nitrogen gas can be derived from several important sources.

Atmosphere

According to "Essential Environment," nitrogen constitutes 78 percent by mass of Earth's atmosphere. All atmospheric nitrogen is in the gaseous form, so the atmosphere is the most abundant source of nitrogen gas. Unfortunately, gaseous nitrogen is largely inert or nonreactive, so in its gaseous form it's unavailable to plants, animals and other lifeforms that need it. Certain soil bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen so that other plants and animals can use it. Humans also convert atmospheric nitrogen gas to ammonia through the Haber-Bosch process, an industrial process that serves as an essential source of nitrogen for fertilizers and explosives.

Denitrifying Bacteria

After nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, other soil bacteria called nitrifying bacteria convert it in turn to nitrate ions and compounds so that it's available for plants--and animals such as humans that depend on plants for food. Once the animals or plants die and decay, decomposers return the nitrogen to the nitrifying bacteria in the form of ammonium ions. Other bacteria called denitrifying bacteria can also convert nitrates in the soil back into gaseous nitrogen and return it to the atmosphere. Denitrifying bacteria are another source of nitrogen gas.

Decomposition Reactions

Certain ammonium salts decompose when heated to release nitrogen gas. Three compounds that undergo this type of reaction are ammonium dichromate, ammonium permanganate and ammonium nitrate. All four compounds can act as explosives, especially ammonium nitrate, so it's not advisable to perform this kind of experiment at home.

Why Popup Blocker Doesn't Work On Some Advertisements

Pop up blockers do not work with some ads.

Surfing the Internet inundates you will advertisements at every turn -- the most obnoxious of these is the pop-up ad, which opens a new window that displays on your screen. While pop-up blockers are effective in combating most ads, they are not a universal solution.

New Technology

In the past pop-up blockers have been almost exclusively coded using javascript. Pop-up blockers, both in browsers and independent programs, were able to detect javascript that created a pop up and stop it from opening. Recent pop-up technology, however, has used DHTML (Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language) to create the offensive ads. Standard pop-up blockers are not yet equipped to detect these ads.

Good Pop-ups

Some websites use pop-ups for page elements that are not unwanted advertisements; for instance, Blogger uses pop-up windows to add comments in certain templates. Your blocker may be allowing pop-ups that it does not perceive as a threat.

Viruses

Make sure that the pop-up is coming from your current browser window. If the pop-up is opening in a different browser, or when you do not have a browser open, you may have a virus causing this program to run pop-up advertisements.

A Brief History From The 1970 Yamaha 250 Mx

Yamaha's DT 250 MX bike was a world-class motocross machine, and was available to the consumer market from 1968 through 1982.

Performance

The Yamaha DT 250 engine featured a displacement of 246 cubic-centimeters, a size-able motor for a two-stroke, Reed-valve design. The DT 250 used an air-cooling system, giving it a longer operational time than a wet-cooling system. Power output was rated and advertised with 22.84 horsepower at 7,000 rpm and 12.9 foot-pounds of torque at 6,500 rpm. A five-speed, manual transmission was standard for gear shifting.

Wheels

The front and rear wheels were both aluminum alloy. The front wheels were wrapped with 21-inch by 3-inch tires, while the rear wheels featured 18-inch by 4-inch tires. The front and rear wheels came from the factory with expanding brakes, which operate outward against the inside of the drum of the brake.

Body

Wet weight of this bike was about 284 pounds, which included all fluids and a full tank of fuel. Fuel capacity was 2.38 gallons. This bike was available in red/black and orange/black.

About Effective Training

Employees prefer to work for managers they can look up to and who treat them with respect. Supervisors who recognize that coaching is an important part of their job are likely to be viewed positively by the employees who report to them. By learning coach effectively, organizational leaders can have a positive impact on individual team members as well as overall departmental and company productivity.

Significance

Supervisors are responsible for motivating their employees to perform at their best in order to reach departmental and organizational objectives. This is why coaching is such an important part of every manager's job. Effective coaching involves providing employees with training, encouragement, and feedback. Supervisors who function as coaches are able to have a positive impact on productivity, quality, and employee morale.

Function

Providing employees with feedback is one of the most important functions of coaching. Many supervisors make the mistake of assuming that employees know whether or not they are doing a good job. This is not correct, and employees should not be put in the position of working without feedback. It's important to let workers know when they are doing a good job, as well as pointing out when their performance requires improvement.

Types

Managers must be able to provide their employees with different types of coaching. When employee performance is below standard, managers have to take on a coaching role that focuses on training employees on do what is expected of them. When the focus is on building cooperation within the organization, managers must take on a coaching role that emphasizes team building activities. When working with employees who are being considered for promotions, their supervisors often function as career path coaches.

Time Frame

The coaching part of a manager's job is never done. Supervisors must providing coaching to their employees on an ongoing basis. In order to provide effective coaching, managers should constantly look for opportunities to reinforce positive performance, improve performance that is below standard, and identify employees who may be ready to be considered for advancement within the organization.

Effects

Employees who are properly coached are much more likely to be productive and to reach their potential in the workplace.

Considerations

Being an effective coach involves proactively identifying challenges, looking for and implementing solutions, and helping employees become the best and most effective workers they can be. In order to coach employees effectively, managers must be perceptive and have effective communication skills.

Benefits

Employees who work for supervisors who function as coaches rather than for managers who have very autocratic styles are often the most productive workers. They also typically report high degrees of job satisfaction, have positive morale, and exhibit commitment to the organization's vision and mission. This often results in enhanced employee retention and profitability for the company.

A Brief History Of Charitable Groups

Nonprofit organizations can trace their roots back to ancient Egypt and Rome. In 2009, nonprofits all have one thing in common: They allocate their profits to benefit other individuals, groups or causes, not shareholders.

Roots

In ancient Egypt, King Ptolemy I began the famous Alexandria Library. This library is considered to be the first research institution.

American Roots

Early settlers in the United States built schools and churches to maintain the public welfare. Settlers gave of their time and treasure to support these communal efforts.

Early Philanthropists

In the 1740s, Benjamin Franklin founded the University of Pennsylvania to educate youth. In the 1900s, businessman Andrew Carnegie gave away millions to support many libraries, schools and universities across the United States.

Current

According to the National Center for Charitable Statistics, there are currently 1,514,821 tax-exempt organizations registered with the Internal Revenue Service in the United States. Nonprofit organizations pay a 4 percent annual excise tax on their annual investment income.

Growth

The largest U.S. nonprofit organization, with an endowment of $34 billion, is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. This organization gives grants to enhance health care and education across the world.

A Brief History Of Nike Shoe Company

Nike shoes are named for Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. The logo, known as the "Swoosh" mark, is put on everything Nike makes--shoes, equipment and apparel. Since the early 1970s to the present day, the name Nike is synonymous with high quality athletic footwear.

1964 to 1971

Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight formed Blue Ribbon Sports, later called BRS Inc., in 1967. In 1971, their first product was a soccer cleat called the Nike.

1972 to 1980

Nike "moon shoes" were created in 1972, featuring the "waffle sole." They became popular with professional athletes. In 1977, the Nike "air sole" was created. Nike Air cushioning was featured in stores in 1979. Nike went public in 1980.

1984 to 1987

Basketball star Michael Jordan signed an endorsement deal with Nike in 1984. In 1985, his shoe, the "Air Jordan," was released, and profits from its sales exceeded a billion dollars by 1986. Nike expanded into sports apparel in 1987.

1988 to 1996

The Nike slogan, "Just Do It" was created in 1988. A store called NikeTown opened in Oregon in 1990. Golf star Tiger Woods signed an endorsement contract with Nike in 1996.

1999 to 2003

Bill Bowerman died in 1999. In 2003, Nike bought out Converse for over $300 million.

2004 to Present

Phil Knight retired as CEO/President in 2004. William Perez succeeded Knight, but resigned in 2006. The current (2009) CEO is Mark Parker. The company has recently seen an upswing in online sales (see Resources).

A Brief History Of Nike Corporation

The History of Nike, Inc.

Nike, Inc. is a United States sportswear and equipment manufacturer and supplier. A major sponsor of star athletes and sports teams throughout the world, Nike is well known for its "Just Do It" and Swoosh logo trademark.

The Seed: 1950s

Bill Bowerman, a track-and-field coach at the University of Oregon, began to make shoes for his runners, implementing his ideas for competitive advantage. A member of his track program, Phil Knight, approached him with a shoe sale, having been made a distributor for a company in Japan called Tiger, and both men decided to forge a partnership.

The Founding: 1960s

In 1964, Bowerman and Knight formed Blue Ribbon Sports, selling Tiger shoes out of Knight's vehicle. They did not just sell them, though; Bowerman began ripping the shoes apart to see how he could make them lighter and better in performance.

Morphing Into Nike: 1970s

Eventually, Blue Ribbon Sports grew from a footwear distributor to a designer and manufacturer of their own shoe brands. Thus came the "Swoosh" logo, the change of the company name from Blue Ribbon to Nike, and their debut line of footwear in 1972.

Growth: 1980s

The decade was marked by the debut of the "Just Do It" ads and popular shoe lines like the Air Max. Also, famous athletes like Carl Lewis, Michael Jordan and Bo Jackson endorsed Nike's products.

Further Growth: 1990s

Nike established its world headquarters in Portland, Oregon, where it had all began. Moreover, Nike's dedication to sponsorship grew beyond the more popular sports.

Global Leader: 2000s to Present

Nike is the brand most synonymous with sportswear. Today, it is the largest manufacturer and supplier in the world.

A Brief History Of Vehicle Company

The History of General Motors Company

General Motors Corporation was the top global manufacturer of cars and trucks for more than seven decades, employing more than a quarter-million people and creating a sustained consumer base that remains today. Up until the turn of the 21st century it held a majority market share of sales, but has since dropped to the second position behind Japanese automaker Toyota.

History

General Motors was founded in 1908 by entrepreneur William Durant who brought Oldsmobile, Cadillac, Pontiac, Chevrolet and the Rapid Motor Vehicle Company, later GMC trucks, under one umbrella. Each vehicle was marketed to specific segments of the American public with Chevrolet sold as entry-level cars, Oldsmobile and Pontiac mid-range offerings and the Cadillac as its luxury marquee.

Significance

Under the innovative management of Alfred P. Sloan, GM's diverse holdings include its 1925 acquisition of Vauxhall Motors, Opel AG of Germany in 1929 and Yellow Cab in the 1930s.

Identification

Cars like the 1953 Chevrolet Corvette, the 1955 to 1957 Chevrolet Bel Air, the 1958 to 1959 Cadillac and the 1967 1969 Chevrolet Camaro are pop culture icons of America.

Considerations

GM stylist Harley Earl developed his legendary "planned obsolescence" scheme that required frequent auto design changes to encourage consumers to buy new cars, creating new consumer habits that remain today.

Features

The company reached its apex in automotive architecture with its massive tailfins on such cars as the 1957 Chevy and the 1959 Cadillac.

Effects

Wartime manufacturing led to the employment of women, paving the way for females in postwar America to enter the workforce.

Geography

General Motors is based in Detroit, Michigan with complexes in Flint and Lansing.

A Brief History Of Element Skateboards

Element Skateboards is headquartered in Irvine, California.

Element Skateboards is a skateboard manufacturer and retail sportswear company based in Irvine, California. The company was founded in 1992 by Johnny Schilleriff. The company is a subsidiary of Billabong International Limited, headquartered in Burleigh Heads, Australia. In addition to skateboards, the company also produces a line of surfing inspired outerwear and footwear for men, women and children.

Origins

In the late 1980s Johnny Schilleriff, and amateur skateboarder, designer and marketer partnered with the skateboard company Underworld Elemental. By the early 1990s the company began to falter thanks in large part to inner turmoil among executive leadership, business model flaws and financial challenges. Shortly after the company's failure, Schilleriff created a new company, Element.

Rise to Prominence

Embracing a utopian brand vision of harmony, fairness and understanding, Element's sales of skateboards and clothing began to skyrocket in the mid 1990s. Shchileriff and his team marketed the brand aggressively through tournament sponsorships and the assembly of a group of professional skateboards to represent the Element brand.

Acquisition by Billabong

The Element brand was purchased by Billabong International Limited in 2001. After the purchase, Billabong pledged to operate Element as a separate brand entity while utilizing Billabong's manufacturing resources to foster the brand's technological innovations. Billabong's extensive network of distributors also gave the brand more exposure then it had ever had previously.

Element in Billabong Sales

The acquisition of Element resulted in a 50-percent increase in North American sales for the Billabong brand in 2002. The brand's standout growth was primarily attributed to the release of their line of apparel for women and girls, which represented one of the first whole brand immersions into both men's and women's markets for a skateboarding retailer.

Element Today

Element continues to flourish in the skateboarding retail market today and has also co-opted a wide variety of community service initiatives focused on youth character development through skateboarding, Element's "This is My Element" seminars aim at mentoring young people through vocational mentoring, self-esteem exercises, and by promoting social and environmental awareness.

Clever And Funny Ways To Get Away From Speaking In Public

Public speaking is a nightmare for many.

For many of us, the thought of having to give a speech or stand up in front of people is one of our biggest fears. Many would do anything to avoid the scenario if they could. If you get creative, there can be some funny and interesting ways of not having to give that big presentation you have been asked to create.

Fake an Illness

One symptom of laryngitis is that it becomes incredibly difficult or impossible to speak. "Conveniently" come down with a case of laryngitis the night before you are supposed to address that big crowd. Call your boss, supervisor or teacher and attempt to explain your illness, but make sure you they cannot understand what you are trying to say. Coughing, wheezing and struggling to make a sound are traditional tactics. If you have to come in, provide a note saying how you are sick, and demand to rest your voice.

Demand Payment

You and your voice are a resource, so making an expected appearance at this meeting or function should be worth something. Demand that your boss or the event coordinator pay you extra for your time. If you can present a good enough case as to why you should be paid, they may decide that you have a valid point. It is likely that they will not be interested in writing you a check, so you may get out of the gig.

Glossophobic

Glossophobia is the technical term for having a fear of public speaking. If you have a friend that is a doctor or works in the counseling/psychiatric field, they can suggest that giving this presentation may be bad for your heath (physical or mental) because of your fear. Your teacher or boss will have no choice but to let you out of the task.

Get a Body Double

If everyone still expects you to stand in front of that crowd, find a body double who is willing to fill in for you. Find someone who looks like you, and dress him so that no one will notice it is not you up there. If he is not sure what to say, you can give him a written outline of what you would have said if you were not so scared of standing in front of a crowd.

A Brief History Of Any Nicotine Products

The History of Cigarettes

Tobacco has an interesting and illustrious history. Thought to be first used by the pre-Columbian Americans, it was the Native Americans who cultivated the leaves for smoking. North America plays an important role in the history and decline of tobacco use.

Geography

Tobacco had its origins in North America. Christopher Columbus in 1492 brought tobacco from the New World to Europe. Early European doctors believed that it was medicinal as did the Native Americans who grew it in North America. In 1548, the Portuguese began to growing tobacco and exporting it to Brazil. It was brought to France in 1556 and to Spain in 1558. Tobacco became a successful commercial crop in Virginia in the early 1600s. It soon became the American colonies' largest export.

Time Frame

Nicotine has been found in prehistoric plants, and elements of nicotine have been found in ancient African remains. There is no record before 6000 B.C.E., when experts believe the tobacco plant was first grown in the New World. Historians believe that Native Americans were smoking and chewing tobacco in the 1st century B.C.E. as it was growing all over the Americas.

There are some interesting milestones in the time line of tobacco. On October 12, 1492, Columbus was given dried tobacco leaves and threw them away. He mentions tobacco in his diary and describes how much the natives enjoyed it. Later Columbus named Tobago after the native pipe used to smoke tobacco.

In 1600, Sir Walter Raleigh enticed Queen Elizabeth to try smoking. In 1610, Sir Francis Bacon stated that tobacco use "is habit forming." On December 4, 1619, in Virginia, the first American Thanksgiving celebrated a great tobacco crop.

In the 1700s, lung cancer was first described. The Revolutionary War was known as the Tobacco War, as tobacco was used to build credit to pay for the war. The first federal tax on cigarettes was levied in 1862 to pay for the Civil War.

In 1939, Fortune magazine said that 53 percent of adult males smoked in the United States. In 1964, the first Surgeon General's report to link cigarette smoking to lung cancer was issued. In 1995, the FDA declared nicotine to be a drug.

Types

Tobacco was first produced for pipes, snuff and chewing. Cigars rose in popularity in the early 1800s. It wasn't until after the Civil War that cigarettes were rolled and smoked with the cured yellow "Bright" tobacco from Virginia and North Carolina. The first cigarette-rolling machine was created in the late 1880s and used "White Burley" leaf tobacco.

Advertising

The first motion picture ad was for cigarettes in 1895. The first ban on cigarette ads came from the American Medical Association in its publications. While the AMA recognized the danger in 1953, tobacco companies took out ads refuting the fact that cigarettes cause lung cancer. Marlboro responded by creating the Marlboro man in 1954 when this brand represented only 1 percent of the market. The Marlboro Man and the Marlboro Country ads caused sales to rise 10 percent per year after 1984. The UK stopped ads for cigarettes in 1965, and President Nixon signed a bill in 1970 to ban TV and radio ads promoting cigarette use. Advertisers lost $220 million the first year after the ban. The ad campaigns continued with Virginia Slims targeted toward women and Joe Camel to the younger adults. In 1997 Joe Camel ads were stopped, and in 1995, one of models for the Marlboro Man ads died of lung cancer.

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Warnings

It wasn't until the 1930s that a connection was found between early death and cigarette smoking, because it was hard to provide a scientific link. The early research was hidden from most Americans. In 1960 Reader's Digest came out with an article entitled "Cancer by the Carton," alerting the average American to the dangers associated with smoking. In 1966, health warning labels on packaging began. In 1970, the first "Great American Smokeout" took place encouraging people to quit smoking. Insurance companies offered reduced-rate policies to nonsmokers starting in 1981. Second-hand smoke became an issue, and a progressive sweep of legislation has since banned smoking in most public places and airline flights.

The Fuel Options For Tiki Torches

Tiki torches fuel the ambiance of backyard gatherings.

Tiki torches fuel the ambiance of backyard gatherings by brightening the night and repelling mosquitoes with their petroleum-based citronella oil. Non-petroleum alternatives to citronella oil, such as bio-diesel, paraffin oil and propane, are also available to fire up your torches in a cleaner, more eco-friendly fashion.

Bio-diesel Fuel

This eco-friendly torch fuel, which is made from recycled vegetable oil-based bio-diesel, often contains mosquito repelling citronella and burns longer with less smoke than petroleum-based torch fuels. One bio-diesel, citronella-scented fuel, Purple Skeeter Beater from Patriot Bio Products, is available online for $14.99 a gallon plus shipping.

Paraffin Oil

Touted as the cleanest-burning torch fuel available, smoke-free paraffin oil is a transparent, colorless and odorless oil that is safe for indoor or outdoor use. It's typically also a more expensive option, priced at around $30 for 28 ounces of pure paraffin oil.

Propane-fueled Torches

Propane-fueled torches offer a distinct advantage over oil-burning torches because there is no oil to spill, and they are adjustable, so it's easy produce the exact amount of light you require. Propane torches come in many different styles from small torches that run on a one-pound canister of propane to permanent tiki torches that can be installed underground and run off large refillable propane tanks. Prices for these torches range from $30 to more than $300 online and in stores, with propane refills available at many hardware stores and service stations.

The Phrase Insubordination

Webster's 1913 Dictionary defines insubordination as "the quality of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful authority." Insubordination is a common term used in the workforce. There are many actions committed by employees that are labeled as insubordination. The refusal of an order from a superior can have devastating effects. It could lead to disciplinary action or even jail time. However, some acts of insubordination may prevent a situation from getting worse, and some may commit it without any knowledge of doing so.

Causes

Many in the workforce sees insubordination happening over a power struggle. Maybe an employee wants to control his superiors as a way of feeling important. Some employees rebel against those in charge due to unfair treatment, harassment and bad performance reviews. Stress could also lead an employee to not follow an order. Stress from personal, financial and health problem can impair someone's rationale of not following an order.

Types

Some examples of insubordination are making a rude remark, not following orders or threats of physical violence toward a superior. All acts of insubordination falls into two categories: passive and active. Passive insubordination happens when someone fails to do an order, but there is no refusal directly. Active insubordination occurs when someone intentionally does not follow directions, or commits acts of intimidation. Passive insubordinations are harder to prove because there is no direct refusal. Active insubordinations can lead to disciplinary action.

Factors

In order for a claim of insubordination to be established, two things must be present. The first is from the employer or higher-ranking official to issue a direct or indirect order for an employee lesser in stature to obey. The second part is for the person who is directed to carry out the order to not carry out the order, or to refuse to carry out that order. Those who receive the order indirectly may find themselves being insubordinate by following incorrect information given to them.

Considerations

There are instances in which insubordination may be in the best interest of the company and more greatly, in saving someone's life. Employees who refuse to send out defective products, give customers bad investment advice or disobey guidelines that would put themselves and others in danger (such as a truck driving over the speed limit) can avoid more severe consequences than being disciplined by a superior.

Warning

In many careers, being found guilty of insubordination subjects a person to disciplinary action. Depending on the severity of the action, the employee may be sent home, suspended with or without pay, or terminated. If the insubordination causes injury or damage, one might be sued for medical and property costs. In the most severe cases, it could lead to criminal charges and lead to prison time.

Insurance For Your Pet Affiliate Marketing Programs

Pet websites can make money by joining pet insurance affiliate programs.

Websites that provide information for pet lovers can use pet affiliate programs to promote pet insurance online. The site owner can choose one or more affiliate programs that offer commissions on sales of pet insurance. Each affiliate program provides banners or other pet insurance links for affiliates. The affiliate gets paid when visitors click on a link and then buy pet insurance at the affiliate program's own website.

QuickCare Pet Insurance Programs

The QuickCare pet insurance affiliate program pays $25 or more for sales starting at as little as $10.95 per month, as of 2010. This free program, which uses Commission Junction to manage its affiliate network, provides all the banners and other links you need to place on your affiliate site. QuickCare provides sales statistics in your affiliate account, tracks all sales and handles all the billing on sales generated from your affiliate links. Use the "Publisher Application" to sign up as a QuickCare pet insurance affiliate (see Resources).

Embrace Pet Insurance

Embrace specializes in the sale of dog and cat insurance. The affiliate program pays $27.50 for each application for pet insurance. Embrace uses the Share A Sale affiliate network to manage its program. The program provides both text and graphic affiliate banners to suit the needs of your particular website. Embrace uses a 90-day cookie, which means you will receive credit for sales that occur for a full 90 days after one of your visitors clicks on a banner on your website. Sign up at Embrace's affiliate registration page on the Share A Sale website (see Resources).

Animal Friends Insurance

Animal Friends Insurance sells cat and dog insurance to British pet owners. The company pays monthly in the amount of f20 GBP per sale of pet insurance. This program uses its own in-house software to manage the affiliate program. Your affiliate account provides detailed statistics on clicks and sales. Although Animal Friends is a British site, it pays affiliates through PayPal. Therefore, affiliates from other countries can get paid online for sales made through the program. Interested affiliates can sign up online on the affiliate sign-up page (see Resources).

Petsecure

The Petsecure program gives you the opportunity to target Canadian pet lovers. The program accepts affiliates from any country in North America. It uses MyReferer affiliate software to manage the program. Petsecure pays $25 Canadian for every sale of a pet insurance policy. You receive your affiliate link (tracking code) by email after registration. Petsecure also has a policy of tracking cookies for a full six months in case your referrals come back later to buy pet insurance. Use the online registration page to join as a Petsecure affiliate (see Resources).

Communication Plan Work

What's the Purpose of a Communication Plan?

Communication includes both the spoken and written messages that a company conveys to its consumers, employees, stockholders, and the general public. A communication plan is an organized outline of the types of communication that will take place and who is responsible for conducting or ensuring the accuracy of the messages that are delivered. A communication plan should include objectives, strategies that will be undertaken to achieve those objectives, who will deliver the messages and by what means, the anticipated outcome of the efforts, and how the results will be measured. A communication plan can be very specific, meant for a specific audience or for a specific project. It can be geared to help employees communicate with each other throughout the course of a project, or it can be very general, meant to organize an organization's overall marketing communications.

Creating the Plan

Creating a communication plan is often half the effort required to complete the goals of a project. It forces all parties involved in a project or involved with the marketing efforts of an organization to sit down and collectively create the plan. This step in itself brings everyone together on the same page and ensures that all parties are working towards the same objectives. This written plan helps a company's communication efforts to be more focused and polished, because the messages were crafted carefully with a specific end result in mind.

Implementing the Plan

The communication plan provides a framework for the individuals involved in a project to keep each party informed of the progress and next steps. This means that the implementation of the plan should run smoothly. Each party involved in the process will know what their duties are and be able to complete their tasks in the appropriate time. This helps companies run more efficiently, because when a project is handed over from one department to the next, there is no downtime waiting for one person to finish his tasks.

Measuring the Results

After the plan has been implemented, one member or department involved in the planning process measures the success of the project and reports the findings to the group or company. The same group who created the plan usually may reconvene to determine the effectiveness of the communication. This meeting may also involve making recommendations to improve results if a similar project will be undertaken in the future.

Direct E-mail Marketing Methods

Direct Email Marketing

Effective direct email marketing strategies target receptive customers with messaging that correlates to increased customer retention or increased sales. By targeting emails and messages based on available data and through segmentation, you will increase the impact of your marketing efforts and enhance your customer's perception of your business. Make sure your direct email strategies are customized and useful to ensure customer satisfaction with email communications.

Competitor Lists

Subscribe to email marketing lists for your competitors. Look at the information and offers they present to their clients. Use this information to offer competitive specials and information. Do not repeat information in their offers because you may be targeting some of the same customers. Use their email marketing communications to create your own marketing strategy that differentiates your service from your competitors.

Segmentation

Segment your list and create direct email marketing campaigns for each group. For example, you can segment your list by new customers and existing customers to customize product offers and information. For new customers, offer a money-back guarantee to convert hesitant customers. For existing customers, offer an updated product or additional service at a "valued customer" rate.

Personalization

Personalize each email with the customer's name and other relevant information when available. For example, if you have information on a customer's recent purchase, put a reference in your email to the product or service purchased. This customization allows your email to connect with your client and makes your customer feel more appreciated.

Customer Relations

Use direct email marketing to improve customer relations. Send emails based on customer contacts to solicit responses and to ensure customer satisfaction. For example, send emails after a customer contacts your customer service department to ensure they received acceptable service and find out if they have further customer service needs. You can also use emails as an after-purchase follow-up to ensure delivery. You can make these emails interactive through polls and links to information on your company website.

Upsells

Use direct emails to upsell customers to new or complementary products. Based on customer purchases, offer products that are targeted to their buying patterns. For example, if a customer buys many beauty products from your website in the same brand, send an email offer for a newly released product in the same brand. This direct email marketing approach can increase sales and alert customers to new and helpful products.

The Results Of Tax Penalties

The Internal Revenue Service can impose penalties on those who do not follow the laws in regards to taxes. You could pay penalties for late filing, late payment or filing your return incorrectly. These penalties could eventually lead to credit damaging tax liens or the loss of your property through a levy.

Tax Penalties

The IRS can impose tax penalties if you do not file taxes before the tax deadline. If you do not pay your taxes after filing them, you can also be charged another penalty. If you file a frivolous return, which means that you did not take care when filing the return, you could be charged a penalty. If you underestimate your tax significantly, you could also be charged a penalty.

Cost

The most direct way that tax penalties affect you is in the extra cost. The penalty will usually be a percentage of the total amount that you owe. For example, the IRS charges a .5 percent penalty for each month you file past the due date. Besides the percentage penalty, you may also have to pay interest if you do not pay your taxes in time for the deadline.

Credit Impact

When you are charged a penalty by the IRS, it could ultimately lead to negative consequences for your credit. For example, failure to pay your taxes can result in a penalty and eventually lead to a tax lien. Once a tax lien is placed on your property, it will also appear on your credit report. This information will be included in the judgment section of your credit report and will be visible to potential creditors.

Other Consequences

Tax penalties can also lead to a levy of your personal property. With this strategy, the IRS can take your possessions to satisfy your tax debt. In some cases, the IRS may use a wage garnishment to collect money directly from your paycheck before you receive it. With this option, the IRS will work with your employer to set up the wage garnishment.

The Results Of Deregulation Around The Air travel Industry

Deregulation has had an extensive effect on the air travel industry.

In 1978, President Jimmy Carter signed the Deregulation Act of 1978, which, in fact, radically changed the airline industry. According to the U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission website, this removed the authority of the Civil Aeronautics Board from the industry. The Board had been responsible for controlling the routes, fares and schedules by which American airlines operated. Although the ones who supported deregulation saw improvements as a result, history has shown otherwise.

Increased Vulnerability to Recession

Although, according to the Centennial website, deregulation led to a boom in the short term with 317 million passengers flying during 1979, the recession of 1979-82 brought changes to the industry. Over-expansion in the face of challenging economic times, coupled with the rising price of oil, caused several airlines to fail as early as 1982, Braniff being an early casualty. People stopped flying as times grew harder, and fewer people were working. As the Centennial website indicates, airlines nationwide suffered a $421 million net operating loss.

Decline in Experience

As Bier, Joosten, Glier, Welsh and Tracey point out, experience among the ground crew declined after deregulation. As the economy grew better and people began flying again, the need to hire pilots and other crew members increased. Airlines didn't necessarily have the money to hire well-trained, well-experienced crew, so companies started hiring pilots from less experienced employee ranks. Wages plummeted, and quality did as well. Bier et al. report that during the 1980s, ground crew errors spiked by 50 percent.

Bankruptcies of Major Airlines

According to the U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission website, three major carriers died during the 1980s and early 1990s. Poor relations with unions, combined with mismanagement, sunk Continental and Eastern, which were bankrupt by 1989. A major international airline, Pan American, closed its doors in 1991 due to the lack of the regulation, which about 15 years earlier would have afforded it protection.

Support Services: Decrease in Availability

According to Bier et al., deregulation has had a deleterious effect on support services. Because of lack of available funds, airlines are eliminating their engineering departments, weather departments and getting rid of management expertise. Also, support systems for workers struggling with alcohol addiction have been either reduced or entirely eliminated since deregulation took effect.

The Results Of Companies On Environment Warming

Burning fossil fuels contributes to global warming.

Many businesses affect the well-being of the planet, but a select few heavily contribute to carbon emissions, solid waste and habitat destruction. Most of the country's electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, which is one of the worst greenhouse gas contributors. We shouldn't forget that careless agricultural practices directly caused the American Dust Bowl of the 1930s, and similarly callous business practices will affect the environment in myriad other ways.

Agriculture

Pesticides, like fertilizers, are a large source of chemical poisons.

The agriculture industry is one of the worst businesses for the environment, according to Business Insider. Agriculture destroys habitat to make room for large fields or crops, which displaces wildlife and kills native plant species. Additionally, the fertilizers used to control crop growth are poisonous and release nitrous oxide into the air. They seep into the ground and wash off the fields into lakes and streams. According to Cornell University, "an average of 10 times as much soil erodes from American agricultural fields as is replaced by natural soil formation processes."

Utilities

Most of America's power is generated through combustion. The process of mining and burning coal or natural gas is extremely detrimental to the Earth. Burning fossil fuels to create electricity releases carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and mercury compounds, which directly contribute to global warming. The processes of mining and transporting fossil fuels and preparing them for combustion require additional fuels and create more emissions. Water used in the process is discharged into lakes and streams, contaminating them with dangerous substances such as arsenic and lead.

Food Packaging

The food packaging industry contributes to the accumulation of solid waste in landfills. Plastics do not decompose; they accumulate. According to the Carbon Commentary, landfills are a significant source of methane gas emissions. According to the University Of Texas College Of Science, compounds in plastics, like bisphenol A and phthalates, contain hormones that disrupt the reproductive systems of wildlife when consumed. Furthermore, the production of plastics, which are petroleum products, requires fossil fuels.

Cattle Ranching

Cattle release methane gas, which contributes to environmental warming.

According to Greenpeace Brazil, 80 percent of the deforestation in the Amazon is due to cattle ranching. The cattle themselves release methane gas, which directly contributes to global warming. Additionally, the agricultural fields used to grow the cattle feed destroy habitat. According to Growing Your Future, almost half the state of Colorado, over 30 million acres, is covered with cattle farms. A farm with 2,000 cows can produce as much sewage as a small city, according to National Public Radio.

Generate Leads On Craig's list

Craigslist, a website featuring free classifieds, has become one of most visited, most used, and most visible sites on the web. It is free, simple, and local, making it a great place to conduct business of almost any kind. Adhere to Craigslist's reasonable Terms of Use and you are likely to generate some business leads. Here is an easy way to post on Craigslist.

Instructions

Using Craigslist for Business Leads

1. Look over the categories on Craigslist and determine what category (or categories) are best suited for listing your product or service. Be as specific as possible, and don't select many categories; multiple postings are considered spam. Besides, posting in the correct category is always the best way for potential clients to find you. Focus on quality, not quantity, of ads.

2. Determine the best cities in which you should advertise. Craigslist is localized by city, so you'll need to post separate ads in each city where you do business. If you only do business locally, this decision will be simple.

3. Write a unique ad and post it once (and only once) in each category you have selected. Don't post duplicate ads in multiple categories. If you post in more than one metropolitan area, be sure your ads are not too similar. Avoid simply hyperlinking to your website unless there is an obvious reason for doing so. Describe your product or service honestly and without a lot of hype, and invite readers to reply if they are interested. You can give out your email address (and/or other contact information) if you like. Craigslist also gives you the option of keeping your email address anonymous by allowing potential customers to reply to you directly through Craigslist.

4. When business leads reply, their email address will be visible to you. Reply by email (or telephone if they provide a phone number) with a more detailed description of your service. Once customers have responded to your Craigslist post, it is safe to assume they are interested, and you can be more direct in your approach.

The Results Of Home Loan Business Tax Rates On Revenues

Some analysts believe lower tax rates increases tax revenue.

Governments raise revenue through taxation and by charging for services. The majority of revenue, however, comes from taxes. Economists are divided on whether or not decreasing the tax rate actually succeeds in raising revenue. Historically, decreased tax rates have brought in increased revenue, but other factors may have had an effect. There is no way to know for certain if lowering the tax rate will succeed in bringing in more revenue to the government.

Opinions

When tax cuts are implemented, some economists believe more tax revenue is generated. According to this line of reasoning, when taxpayers have more money (due to a reduction in the tax rate), they spend the money. Since more money is available in the economy, this benefits businesses by increasing sales. The businesses, having more money due to increased sales, hire more workers. These workers, being taxed, put more money into the federal system. There is no common consensus among economists as to whether or not this is true.

Economic Downturn

One time when decreasing tax rates affects tax revenue is during an economic downturn. When businesses struggle to make payroll, lowering tax rates may result in increasing revenue. However, there is no guarantee that businesses will use money saved with decreased tax rates to hire more workers. Businesses may simply use that money to pay off debts or even to upgrade equipment so fewer workers are needed to maintain the status quo. Without any assurances about how additional money is spent, it is impossible to be certain if decreasing the tax rate would create more jobs and potentially raise more revenue.

Different Factors

The tax rates under President Bill Clinton were higher than the tax rates under President George W. Bush, and yet statistics show the economy performed better under President Clinton. While this may be due to a variety of factors other than the tax rate, it illustrates the difficulty in making definitive statements about the effects of decreased tax rates on revenue. Economies do not operate in vacuums, and attempting to pinpoint one area that can increase or decrease revenue is difficult.

Closing Loopholes

Some evidence suggests lowering tax rates on extremely high tax brackets may lead to an increase in revenue. For example, under President Ronald Reagan, the highest earners in the United States paid 70 percent in taxes. When that rate fell to 50 percent, there was a substantial increase in economic growth. However, with the lowering of the tax rate, many tax shelters also were closed, making more money available for taxation.

The Results Of Polluting Of The Environment On Forests

Air pollution from factories causes harm to forested areas.

Due to the increase of automobile usage and factories, air pollution has increased since the 19th century, causing major damage to the world's forested areas. Some of the effects on forested areas from air pollution is immediate, such as acid rain and vegetation loss, while global warming is a more long-term effect. Although air pollution continues to be a problem, federal legislation, such as the Clean Air Act, has been passed to reduce pollution.

Acid Rain

Acid rain is a form of precipitation with an aberrant amount of acid, or hydrogen ions, and it has harmful effects on trees. This type of rain is the result of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere. The acid rain phenomenon was first recorded in the 18th and 19th centuries, when the Industrial Revolution begin in Europe and the United States. Currently, nations with industrial development, such as China and Russia, experience constant problems with acid rain in its rainforests. The primary sources of nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide emissions are automobiles, nuclear factories and coal power plants. Dry acid deposition is when acid falls from the atmosphere without precipitation.

Global Warming

The increasing average in the earth's temperature is known as global warming. This temperature increase reduces moisture in forested areas, which causes trees to wither or die. The scientific field first noticed the possibility of global warming in the mid-20th century, due to the increased availability of automobiles. The melting of polar caps causes flooding in forest ecosystems. As a result, some trees break due to water pressure. Greenhouse emissions, which come from coal and nuclear factories, motorized vehicles and deforestation, are a major cause of global warming. Global warming could increase the size of deserts, encroaching on forested areas.

Loss of Vegetation

Not only are trees affected by air pollution, but the plant population on the forest floor is depleted as well. Nitrogen oxides, volatile organic hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide from factories and automobiles combine in the earth's troposphere. The Clean Air Act, a piece of U.S. legislation, allows the Environmental Protection Agency to enforce air quality standards, which reduces the amount of emissions released from factories and automobiles.

The Easter time Island Statues

The moai statues cover the coast of Easter Island.

Situated between Chile and Pitcairn, Easter Island is a Polynesian island of nearly 4,000 people. It is famous for its 887 massive human-shaped stone statues that are known as moai, some of which weigh more than 100 tons. Despite the number of statues, they all feature the same characteristics.

Background

The statues were discovered by European explorers in 1722 when a Dutch seaman, by the name of Jacob Roggeveen, came across the island on Easter Day. According to carbon dating, the statues were erected sometime between the years 1000 and 1500 and were moved from their quarries with the use of timber. Archaeologists such as Jo Anne Van Tilburg have suggested the statues were standardized representations of powerful people, or that they may have been used in ceremonies as a way of communicating with deities.

Stats

The average height of the moai comes in at 13.29 feet, with an average width at the base of 5.25 feet and a weight of 13.78 tons. The largest moai recorded, suitably named "El Gigante," weighs an incredible 145 to 165 tons, although it never managed to make it out of the quarry where it was sculpted. The largest erected moai, named "Paro," weighs 82 tons and is located at Ahu Te Pito Kura. At the other end of the scale, the smallest moai on the island stands at only 3.76 feet tall.

Description

The moai are minimalist in appearance with oversized heads that have very strong features. They are often referred to as just heads, which is a result of their disproportionately small bodies. Faces are carved with huge brows extending over long noses, which in turn extend over tight pouting lips. When it comes to the bodies, they are normally squat with the arms resting in various positions and without legs.

Toppling

By the end of the 1700s, the inhabitants of Easter Island began to topple the moai until by 1868 there were no standing moai left. According to the oral history of the island, the toppling took place because of tribal violence that gripped the island, with different clans trying to destroy each other's moai. Today, 50 of the statues have been re-erected, while the others remain where they fell.

Location

When arriving at the island, the first European explorers discovered many of the statues situated on the southwest of the island, all of which were facing inward. Moai were later found to be located all over the edges of the island and left abandoned in the quarry. Of the 887 statues that were found, 398 were discovered in quarries at Rano Raraku where the statues were carved. Forty-seven were found to be lying in transit on roads that had been prepared outside of the quarry area.

The Disadvantages Of Utilizing Charge Cards

Credit cards promise to give you the freedom and convenience of being able to buy what you want when you want it, and some even offer rewards like cash back or travel points for doing it. At the end of 2008, Chase had issued almost 120 million credit cards. Citi was second with over 90 million. Almost 80 percent of American households have at least one credit card. However, credit card companies, like any business, exist to make a profit, and there are disadvantages to relying on credit cards for your purchases.

Uncontrolled Spending

For some people, using credit cards is problematic because it is hard to keep track of how much money you have spent. When you charge a purchase to your credit card, you do not have to physically hand over dollars and change nor is money instantly taken off of your checking account balance. Instead, the credit card company keeps a total and sends you the bill at the end of the month, and when you get the bill, it is often higher than you realized. To combat this, you can keep a running total of your purchases or check your balance on the credit card account often.

Fees

Credit cards can charge you a variety of fees that can outweigh the benefits they offer. Some credit cards charge you an annual fee just for carrying the card. Any time you make a late payment, you will pay an additional fee. If you go over your credit limit, you will be charged a fee. If you get a cash advance, there are additional fees that you will be charged. You can usually avoid these fees by reading the fine print and keeping track of what you spend and when your bills are due.

Interest Rates

The interest rates on credit card balances are high, usually in the high teens, or even above 20 percent for some credit cards. If you need to carry debt, you are better off getting a secured loan like a mortgage or home equity loan that has a lower interest rate. The credit cards are also deceptive in the minimum monthly payment. Usually the payment is just a small fraction, sometimes below 5 percent, of what you owe plus any interest on the account. This makes your debt last for a long time if you only make the minimum payments.

Discounts for Cash

Credit card companies make part of their profit by charging companies a small percentage of payments they accept through a credit card. For example, if you pay for a $100 purchase with a credit card, the seller might only get $95 because the credit card company would take $5. Some companies will offer a discount if you use cash or check because it will result in them keeping a larger amount.

Credit Card Fraud

If you have a credit card account rather than using all cash for your transactions, there is the possibility that you could have your account information stolen. This could allow someone to run up charges on your account without your knowledge. You should carefully monitor any active credit card accounts and report any unfamiliar charges.

The Disadvantages Of Buying A Number Of Automobiles

Purchasing a fleet of vehicles is not always a wise business investment.

If you are thinking of purchasing a fleet of vehicles, it may be a sign that your business is growing or you need a more efficient way to transport products or expand your market. Many car dealers offer discounts for fleet customers, which can make the purchase less of a drain on your budget. However, there are some potential disadvantages associated with buying a fleet to take under consideration.

Management

Depending on the size of your fleet, you may need to hire a fleet manager and support personnel to direct its operation, which creates an additional expense for your business. Your fleet manager will need to keep tabs of vehicle mileage, maintenance and handle all insurance-related matters like processing claims filed with the insurance company. He may also need to inspect the vehicles periodically to ensure employees do not abuse fleet vehicles, especially in situations where employees use the vehicles for personal as well as business purposes, as permitted.

Transfer of Expenses

If your business is moving from a situation where employees used their own vehicles for business purposes, such as salespeople using their personal vehicles to make sales calls, a fleet creates additional expenses for the company. Instead of the employees absorbing the expense of items such as insurance, registration and maintenance, the business must now cover these costs since it owns the vehicles. You will also need to weigh the projected fleet costs against what you had been paying employees in the form of mileage embarrassment or a car allowance if applicable.

Large Upfront Expense

If you are purchasing an entire fleet of vehicles at once instead of gradually phasing the vehicles in over time, it can create a large upfront of expense for your business, which limits your cash flow. If you operate a smaller business, this might seriously hinder your ability to earn a profit if implementing a fleet does not result in increased productivity, such as enhancing the ability to move materials and merchandise more efficiently.

Leasing Alternative

Purchasing a fleet of vehicles prohibits taking advantage of some of the possible benefits available to you from alternative vehicle acquisition methods such as leasing. With leasing, your monthly payments are normally lower than when purchasing, and the leasing company may absorb much of the maintenance expense. However, you might not have as much flexibility regarding the customization of your vehicles, and you may incur additional charges if the lease includes a per-mile fee for exceeding annual mileage limits.

The Disadvantages Of Insurance Regulation

Health insurance regulations are changing thanks to new U.S. laws.

New laws passed concerning health insurance reform in 2010 placed more regulation on the health-care industry and is meant to improve the availability of insurance to Americans over time. While there are many advantages to this increased regulation of health insurance--like making insurance more affordable and available to those who did not have it before, as well as eliminating the denial of insurance to those with preexisting conditions--the regulation also has some disadvantages that will be a source of concern for some people as the new laws begin to go into effect.

Medicare Benefits Versus Inflation

Medicare is the government-run health insurance plan for those over 65 years of age. The new insurance regulations help senior citizens in some ways, including free preventive screenings and the repair of a gap in coverage that can cost seniors thousands in out-of-pocket spending.

However, the Congressional Budget Office stated that the new regulations only allow for around 2 percent increase in benefits to offset rising costs each year. The previous laws allowed for a 4 percent increase each year. Some analysts believe that seniors in the future will begin to see a significant shortage of covered benefits because of this new regulation, according to CNN Health.

The Cost

Perhaps the biggest complaint by health-care reform opponents concerns the cost of the changes. According to The Huffington Post, the Congressional Budget Office says the cost of the new health insurance regulations will be $940 billion over the decade between 2010 and 2020.

While the White House claims that other cuts in spending will more than make up for the cost of these new laws, it is a source of contention among some groups that cannot justify this amount of spending during stressed economic times and an already unmanageable national deficit.

Business Fees

The new health insurance regulations will require everyone to have health insurance or else they will have to pay a fee to the government as a penalty. The government will subsidize the premiums of lower-income people to make insurance affordable, but businesses who do not offer their employees health plans will be charged for not doing so.

The fee will amount to $2,000 per year, per employee if the company employs more than 50 people. Two part-time employees will count as one whole employee for these purposes.

The Disadvantages Of Cpi Calculation

Inflation is the rate at which prices are increasing in an economy, which is often measured using the consumer price index. The consumer price index, or CPI, measures inflation by comparing the prices of a certain basket of common consumer goods over time. For example, the CPI might include the cost of basic foodstuffs, gasoline, electricity and clothing. While the CPI is one of the most common indicators of inflation, it has several notable disadvantages as a measure of inflation and the overall cost of living.

How the CPI Works

The CPI tracks the changes in prices of certain goods over time, where the total cost of the entire basket is set to 100 in a certain base year. The price of the basket in subsequent years can then be easily compared to the base year. For example, if the CPI in the year following the base year is 101, prices rose 1 percent over the last year.

Changing Preferences

One potential source of inaccuracy in using the CPI as a measure of the cost of living is that consumer preferences change over time according to the costs of products that are available. If a certain product goes up in price over time more than others, consumers will tend to buy less of the more expensive product and more of less expensive alternatives. In other words, the CPI may overstate the increase in the cost of living by failing to take account of changing consumer preferences. In addition, some consumers shop at discount stores and outlet stores, which may offer prices that are significantly lower than those used in the CPI calculation. This can also contribute to the CPI overstating the increase in the cost of living.

Quality of Goods

Another disadvantage of using CPI as a measure of the cost of living is that it may fail to take account of the increase in the quality of goods over time. A car that you buy today might have better safety features and gas mileage and require fewer repairs than a comparable car 10 years ago, but the CPI does not take account of the impact of increased product quality. Similarly, the quality of medical care that you can receive today is likely higher than what you would have been able to get 30 years ago.

New Products

Another source of potential bias in the CPI is the introduction of new consumer products. When new products are released, they may not be included in the basket of goods used to calculate CPI for many years. New products often fall in price during the beginning of their lives, but if they are not included in the CPI during this period, it will not take account of those falling prices.

The Disadvantages Of Answering Services Company Outsourcing

Outsourcing call center operations results in a number of disadvantages.

As a way to deal with the ever-rising cost of doing business, some companies resort to outsourcing their call center operations.While replacing an in-house call center staff with an outside vendor can often save money, there are also a number of disadvantages associated with call center outsourcing.

Less Control

Because outsourcing involves moving your call center operations farther away from your home base, you may have less control over the operation. You must rely on the managerial abilities of the vendor company while doing your best to ensure that it can adapt to your business and uphold your standards, such as quality of service.

Language Difficulties

If you work with a predominately English-speaking customer base, it may create a hardship for your customers when you outsource to a foreign country. For example, if a United States company outsources its call center operations to India, customers may become frustrated if the call center representatives do not speak fluent English or speak with a heavy accent that is difficult to understand.

Confidentiality Issues

Companies that deal with sensitive information may run the risk of the breaching of customer confidentiality. A company that handles medical patient information needs to be certain that the operating procedures used by the new company are secure. This requires the outsourcing company to be highly selective when choosing a company to handle its calls.

Eliminating Jobs

Companies that outsource their call center operations may need to eliminate the jobs of their existing representatives. While this saves companies in labor costs, it can also mean jeopardizing the livelihood of many long-term, loyal employees. In addition to creating a hardship for the employees, it can harm the company from a public relations standpoint in its home country when outsourcing to a foreign country.

Reduced Focus

Whether you outsource to a native or foreign company, you may run the risk of a lack of focus. While an in-house call center is totally focused on your business, an outside vendor's representatives may work with several companies. As a result, they may not deliver the same level of customer service that you've been accustomed to with your own operation.

Listing Of Companies Within The Ajman Free Zone

List of Companies in the Ajman Free Zone

The Ajman Free Zone may not ring a bell to most Americans, but to thousands of overseas entrepreneurs it's synonymous with economic prosperity. Located at the mouth of the Persian Gulf in Ajman, the smallest of the seven United Arab Emirates, AFZ was established in 1988. Eight years later, it was granted autonomy by Ajman's head of state. At the time, about 400 foreign corporate entities had set up shop there. Since then, the free zone-where trade barriers are non-existent and there's zero income tax-has seen that number grow tenfold. Of those 4,000 businesses, about 80 percent engage in general trade, while the balance are manufacturing and service companies. Here's a sampling of AFZ's corporate residents.

Meridian VAT Reclaim

Double tax hits, which occur when income from overseas investments is taxed twice, are the bane of many multinational companies. Fortunately, the United States and other nations have "double tax treaties" that prevent such inequities. And Meridian VAT (value added tax) Reclaim, a subsidiary of London's Meridian Global Services, is a global leader in ensuring that its clients fully benefit from applicable treaties.

Abdolasons Trading

Based in Hong Kong, this 38-year-old, family-owned importer/exporter trades in products ranging from children's garments to aquarium supplies. Although employing fewer than 10 staffers, Abdolasons does about $1 million in annual sales.

Hanifa Motors

While the Mideast often conjures up images of oil sheiks tooling around in spanking-new stretch limos, it's also home to a flourishing used-car market. One such AFZ trader is Hanifa Motors. In addition to importing previously-owned vehicles from the United States, Japan and Germany and reselling them to the rest of the world, Hanifa offers financing services to its customers.

Ranco Impex

If you've ever done any domestic travel, chances are you've slept on this company's products-and used them to wipe a bit of stray room-service order off your face. Based in Coimbatore, India, Ranco Impex manufactures hotel linens for many of America's best-known hotel chains, including Holiday Inn, Hyatt and Sheraton.

United Bottling Company

The official Coca-Cola bottler in many nations, United Bottling Company-which prides itself on ensuring that "a quality ice-cold Coke is within arm's reach of all consumers at all times"-also exports many of the world's leading soft drink company's other brands, among them, Sprite, Fanta and Dasani.

Exactly What Does Tempus Mean

Tempus is a Latin word meaning "timing" or "opportunity."

Latin, a dead language from biblical times, has left a strong legacy both on its own and as a parent to many European languages, such as Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian.

Latin Translation

The word "tempus" is Latin for "opportunity" or "timing," and is now reflected in other languages, such as the Spanish "tiempo," French "temps" or Portuguese and Italian "tempo."

EU's TEMPUS Program

TEMPUS, or the Trans-European Mobility Programme for University Studies, is a program that allows university students and higher-education professionals to take part in projects at other universities in other European and member countries.

Charitable Organization in Canada

Tempus International is a Toronto, Canada-based student volunteer-driven organization that promotes literacy and education through various programs and opportunities.

Superman Villain

Tempus was also the name of a villain who traveled back from the future in the TV series "Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman."

The Main Difference Between Micro Credit And Micro Finance

Microfinance helps low-income individuals meet short-term needs.

Microfinance and microcredit activities help low-income or unemployed individuals fulfill personal needs in the short term and long term. These activities also help developing and underdeveloped countries balance budgets and fund social programs.

Microcredit Defined

Microcredit includes all types of loans that financial institutions, such as banks and insurance companies, provide to poor or unemployed individuals. These people may live in developed countries, such as the United States, or in poor nations.

Function

Microcredit activities may help a small business owner with no credit reference or asset to provide as collateral. Without a microcredit or small loan, the owner may be unable to operate. Collateral is a type of financial guarantee.

Microfinance Defined

Microfinance is a financial practice that helps improve living conditions for the poor and unemployed in the short term and long term. Microfinance institutions usually provide microcredit services.

Microfinance Significance

Microfinance plays a central role in modern economies, especially in developing countries. Most of these countries may rely on international financial aid or microfinance activities to balance annual budgets or fund social programs.

Microcredit Versus Microfinance

Microcredit is distinct from microfinance. However, there are instances in which the terms interrelate. For example, an entrepreneur living in a developing country seeks funding for a startup company. He may apply for a microcredit with a local microfinance bank.

The Main Difference From A Public Along With A Private Limited Company

When setting up a company, entrepreneurs and future business owners have a few options in regard to style and structure. Each has distinct benefits and drawbacks for individuals. Two types of structures include the public or private limited company.

Defined

Public limited companies are more common in the UK rather than the United States. Two or more individuals can start the company and sell ownership shares to the general public. A private limited company offers limited liability to shareholders, who are generally few in number.

Features

A private limited company typically has more restrictions than public limited companies. These restrictions include: shareholders must offer their shares to other owners prior to selling them openly; owners cannot sell shares through a stock exchange; and the number of shareholders may not usually exceed 50 in number, according to BusinessDictionary.com.

Significance

Creating a public limited company allows business owners to generate capital through selling shares, where as private companies are unable to do so. However, the benefits of each is the ability of individuals to limit or prohibit personal liability from business activities.

The Variations Between Posters & Advertisements

Advertising billboards are often found by the side of highways.

In a world surrounded by media, it is easy to lose sight of the true definitions of words such as billboard and poster. They are easily interchangeable and can be muddled up. However, billboards and posters are distinctly different in purpose, size, regulation and placement. Knowing the differences means you can distinguish between them more effectively.

Purpose

A billboard is used to advertise a product or service, whereas as a poster presents more educational and information material. It may be used to teach something. A billboard conveys a simple message using a few images and a limited amount of text. In comparison, a poster tends to be much more detailed. It might contain a graph, numerical box or set of instructions. Posters can be used for advertising like a billboard, but it tends to be for an event rather than a brand. Therefore the poster also includes the time, entertainment, location and cost of the particular event.

Placement

Billboards are seen along the side of a road since they are an off-premise form of advertising. It is not a large sign which is present on the same property as the shop or factory it relates to. Billboards can be seen on the side of a building or structure, like a bridge. In comparison, a poster is likely to be placed on pin board or included in a display of other information. Posters are seen in more localized areas such as shop window or pinned to a tree or wall.

Size

Size is an obvious difference between a billboard and poster. Technically, a billboard can be any size. However, most billboards are large, obvious signs along the edge of a road. In busy areas such as Piccadilly Circus in London, or Times Square in New York billboards contain lights or three-dimensional projections. Conversely, a poster is small and manageable. It is likely to be produced by an individual or printed on a smaller scale, and therefore limited in size. It is big enough to contain the summarized information or bullet points necessary to convey the information.

Regulation

There is regulation surrounding the use of billboards. Local and state authority rule over the use of billboards, and a permit may be required to erect one. State rules are based on the federal law governed by Lady Bird Johnson Beautification Act of 1965. This act restricts the use of billboards along highways. Posters differ in this sense because they are used within a community level, at a school or within a specific area. A permit is not required. Certain areas do have restrictions on where you can put posters up in public spaces.

The Variations From A Public Corporation & An Open Limited Company

The term "public" refers to the public's ability to purchase shares of stock.

The terms "public corporation" and "public limited company" sound like synonyms. The companies that fit into each category share some things in common but are, in fact, completely different. To understand the difference, you must first define the terms.

Public Corporation Defined

A public corporation is a U.S. company whose stock shares are traded publicly via a stock exchange like the New York Stock Exchange. A company can "go public" by having an initial public offering (IPO) of its stock. An IPO is the very first time a company's stock is offered for sale to the general public. This can be a risky investment with potential big pay-offs for those willing to gamble. When a company is a public corporation, its financial statements must be available for viewing by the general public.

Public Limited Company Defined

A public limited company is also a publicly traded company. Public limited companies (PLC) are United Kingdom companies whose stock shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange. Anyone can acquire the shares of a PLC, and you are only subject to lose the amount that you have invested. PLCs are the only companies that can be traded on the London Stock Exchange.

Differences

One of the main differences between a public corporation and a public limited company is geographical. The public corporation is based in the U.S., while the PLC is based in the U.K. Another main difference is that public corporations in the U.S. are governed by Sarbanes-Oxley. This requires them to disclose extensive financial information and make it readily available to potential investors -- the public. PLCs also must meet certain requirements before earning the designation. These include a minimum share capital, obtaining a trading certificate, a minimum of two directors and a two shareholder minimum. A PLC is subject to the Registrar of Companies in the U.K.

Advantages

There are many advantages to both types of public company versus a company remaining private. Some of the advantages of a PLC include possible tax-related advantages, increased access to capital and greater liquidity. There is also a level of prestige that a company attains when becoming a PLC, because only PLCs can be traded on the London Stock Exchange. There are many similar advantages for the U.S. based public corporation. When companies go public, they immediately generate large amounts of capital that can be used to invest in needed assets or pay off debt. From the perspective of an investor, a great advantage to investing in a public corporation is access to a huge amount of the company's financial information.

Corporate Ipo Strategy

An Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a dream of many smaller businesses, but remains a mystery to the majority of business owners. It is critical to plan, prepare, and evaluate your chances of success before spending time and money. First, ask why you want to have an IPO and what is your goal? There are other sources of cash and investment that allow your company to remain private. Examine all options before creating your IPO strategy.

Going Public

The temptations to become a public company can be strong. An influx of thousands -- or millions -- of new dollars is a potent magnet. However, for every smashing success story, like Google, which raised millions and watched its stock price soar, there are lesser-known companies that suffer grave disappointment as the market is not friendly to their IPO. Offering your stock to the investment community necessitates a major change from managing a private firm, with no obligation to share your financial, operations and human resources data with the world.

Considerations

Along with the cost of preparing your company for an IPO, the reasons for your interest determine your strategy. For example, if your only purpose is raising cash, you may find other less costly investment or financing that keeps your firm private. You must carefully weigh the pros and cons of going public. Keeping control, managing "your way," and growing your business dramatically, while enjoying new cash from an IPO are considerations. Downsides include costs to prepare for and implement the IPO, ongoing additional expenses for Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) regulatory requirements, and losing control of those who own your stock.

IPO Alternative

Strategic partnering is often a good IPO alternative to raise cash, access expert assistance, and maintaining control of your company. Investment firms and other high-functioning companies may have interest in becoming your "partner" to grow your business and increase your bottom line. Even the investment dollars you receive are typically long-term, with your strategic partner more interested in steady growth, not fast stock buy-sell profits. This arrangement often brings the new cash you need and acts as a stabilizing influence on your operations and growth.

Strategy Components

IPOs require relentless planning and evaluation. While the choice of a strategy is yours, you must incorporate the primary IPO components. The planning function involves structuring your company to focus on its strengths and preparing it for critical outside scrutiny. Like preparing your home for sale, you must "clean up" and showcase your business. Get the best expert help and advice you can afford. Retain people and firms with IPO experience to help you create a winning strategy. Finally, entice an experienced investment firm to "underwrite" your IPO. Evaluating the market appetite for your securities, setting your initial stock price, and generating investor interest before the IPO date is a critical component to a successful going-public experience.

Good And Bad Results Of A Metropolitan Development

Urban development has its advantages but problems continue to persist.

Urban development processes relate to both negative and positive occurrences in the cities across the United States. People migrating to the urban areas can take advantage of the well-established infrastructure and available social benefits. The process of building a "community" within the urbanized areas appears to be quite difficult combined with the lack of adequate response to some basic needs of particular social classes.

Infrastructure

Migrants to the urban areas mainly benefit from a well-established infrastructure in the cities. For example, they have access to transportation, airports, rail and bus stations. They also enjoy easy access to public facilities such as hospitals, libraries and schools. Therefore, urban development provides the advantage of using the infrastructural net, which is its main positive feature.

Public Advantages.

The process of urban development has been favorable for the establishment of public services within the urban areas. Individuals living in the larger cities enjoy, for example, adequate policing and health services, advanced citizen advice procedures and opportunities for appropriate counselling.

Building a "Community."

Despite the benefits of urban development, problems with inequality among the social groups continue to exist. Often referred to as a process of building a "community", the merging of different social classes is rare to observe. For example, in mixed-income neighborhoods, the distinction among people of different incomes is obvious. This creates a basis for discrimination, depending on the social status of people.

Response to Needs.

Ongoing urban development attracts an increasing number of migrants. Many cannot achieve their expectations because lack of employment opportunities and overpopulation grossly exceeds the opportunities created by the urban economies. An example is Chicago, which became a migration destination in the 1990s. However, the number of migrants in the city exceeded the employment opportunities available in the urban area; many newcomers remained unemployed and in poverty.

The Phrase A Holding Mortgage

Over the years, homeowners have loosely applied the term mortgage to mean the debt they have on their house. The mortgage system has been around for over a thousand years. The term refers to any financial instrument where a borrower purchases land or real estate and uses that land or real estate as collateral to secure the debt. While consumers associate the term with their debt, the party holding mortgage is the lender, not the borrower.

Definition

A mortgage is a lien on real property. A lien is the legal right a lender or creditor has to have a debt repaid by liquidating or confiscating the property should the borrower default on the loan. Also called a mortgage is the document creating the lien. In either case, the lender holds the mortgage. When banks, investors or other lending institutions are holding mortgages, it typically refers to the outstanding loans they are holding in their portfolio. A lender might transfer the mortgage to a third party. In that case, the borrower would then owe the debt to the third party holding the mortgage.

Process

When creating a mortgage the borrower or mortgagor gives the lender or mortgagee a promissory note, which is a written document pledging the property as collateral for a loan received by the borrower. The promissory note provides for the creation of the mortgage or lien. When the borrower repays the debt, she does not receive the mortgage back per se. Instead, the lender issues a satisfaction of mortgage to the borrower.

Remedy

The remedy used under the mortgage to collect payment, should the borrower default, varies by state. In some states the mortgagee has the right to claim immediate possession of the property, should the borrower default, while other states require the lender to take formal foreclosures proceedings. Some states are title theory states, which gives the legal title in a mortgage agreement to the lender and the equitable title to the borrower. Not until the lender issues the satisfaction of the mortgage does the borrower gain legal title. This makes it possible for the lender to take immediate possession should the borrower violate the terms of the agreement. In a lien theory state, the lender does not have legal title; the lender only has a lien. The borrower has both legal and equitable title, making it necessary for the lender to foreclose, instead of taking immediate possession. Some states have an intermediate theory, which has characteristics similar to both the title and lien theory and requires foreclosure.

Other Methods

While the mortgage is a voluntary and specific lien, the mortgage system is not the only method used to provide a way for a party to liquidate property for repayment of a debt. Some states use the deeds of trust method. A deed of trust is a legal instrument that provides the right of a trustee the power to liquidate real property under the provisions of the trust agreement.

The Crm Process

Basics of CRM

The customer relationship management (CRM) process involves strategic decisions that are based on the needs, input and feedback of customers. Businesses that incorporate CRM processes work from an outside-in model, rather than forcing their ideas on to the customer to build business. The customer is the main driver in a CRM model. Everything from technology to pricing, sales techniques and education revolve around the customer. Departments that serve the customer---including marketing, sales and customer service---are integrated so that budgets and business plans involve all parties.

Marketing

Customer relationship management and relationship marketing are the same thing. Rather than focusing all sales efforts on closing the deal and moving on to the next client, sales and marketing professionals work on building trust and loyalty with existing clients. Customers who feel that they are heard and respected bring repeat business and send referrals. Companies practicing CRM can create databases that contain more detailed demographics and personal data, such as birthdays, previous purchases, family dynamics and other important information. Mass mailings and promotions can then be tailored to specific clients, according to their profiles.

Networking

Beyond data collection, customer relationship management relies on personal interaction with clients through mutual-interest networks, such as industry associations, community groups and philanthropic endeavors. CRM encourages sales and marketing professionals to move beyond sales to communication with customers, based on mutual interests and concerns. Relationship marketing involves give-and-take. In addition to the products and services a salesperson may be offering, marketing professionals may provide business leads to clients who don't make an immediate purchase. Laying a foundation of interaction with a new client is just as important as an imminent deal.

Long-Term Benefits

By focusing marketing efforts on building relationships, a company plans for long-term results. Monitoring relationship-building efforts is tantamount to success. Companies can direct their efforts at the types of clients who are open to a continuing relationship. Partnerships are formed with customers who feel they are part of the company's success, and who strongly believe they are receiving benefits in return for continued loyalty. Clients who do not respond to relationship-building techniques can be moved to a different form of sales management. Monitor time and effort spent, and the results gleaned from each relationship. Time is the primary resource needed to build a strong relational clientele. Marketing efficiency is enhanced when CRM processes and the means to monitor them are incorporated into the strategic plans of any business.

The Least expensive Method To Buy Timeshares

Your timeshare might have great views of the beach.

Buying a timeshare gives you a guaranteed vacation spot every year. The fees you pay cover the cost of a few days or a few weeks at your location, depending on your package. You don't have to worry about what to expect because you know exactly what you're getting. Many timeshares even include benefits such as a swimming pool or golf course on site. Before you hand over your money, though, you need to do your research and look for the cheapest deal you can find--that also fits your budget.

Instructions

1. Look for special deals offered by timeshare owners and developers. These are sometimes referred to as a blow out because it's the last hurrah for the company. The developer may list cheap timeshares for sale, after finishing work on another location. Before advertising the new location, the developer offers cheap prices on any remaining units at the old location.

2. Search for timeshares in the nearby location of popular attractions, but those that are on the outskirts of the town. Timeshares often have higher prices, if the units are close to a popular site. For example, in Orlando, you'll pay more for a timeshare that's close to Disney World and other theme parks. Those timeshares on the outskirts of town are significantly less expensive.

3. Compare the rate offered during different weeks of the year. When you purchase a timeshare, the amount you pay relates to when you plan on visiting. During the high season or more popular time of year, the timeshares are more expensive. Picking a week during the off-season helps cut costs and save you money.

4. Ask for the total investment cost, including any maintenance fees. Maintenance fees cover any costs associated with the care and general maintenance of the property, including the taxes and costs of the utilities. While one property may have a higher original cost, you may find that the cost is less when maintenance fees are factored into the cost.

5. Buy properties from owners whenever possible. Individual owners usually have the right to sell their timeshares, and it's often cheaper to buy from them, rather than buying direct from the company. Look at sites that have trading and forums for sellers and buyers. Also, look through your local newspaper.

The Difficulties Of An accounting firm

Examination of financial records has become increasingly important.

In light of the financial crisis that hit the world scene beginning in 2008, financial authorities have placed a greater emphasis on accountability and transparency in all financial sectors. As the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board notes, the accounting industry has been affected by this need for greater transparency also. As financial regulators move forward, and as the world economic scene continues to change, accountants will face several different challenges.

Bookkeeping

Bookkeeping is one of the most basic yet significant challenges faced by accountants. Accountants must be able to maintain accurate and detailed records of all clients or, if they work for a company as a staff auditor, the corporation they work for. In the aftermath of scandals like Enron and Bernard Madoff, accountants must make the appropriate strides to keep extremely accurate records and remain accountable to regulatory bodies within the industry.

Accounting in a Service Based Economy

In a 2004 speech by Governor Susan Bies to the Cincinnati Chapter of the Ohio Society of Certified Public Accountants, reported by the Federal Reserve, the need for learning to provide accounting services in a service-based economy was listed as a newly emerging challenge for accountants. She notes that in this type of economy, the earnings process with a customer begins with the sale of a service rather than terminating with the sale of a product. The accounting profession in general must adapt to this new type of economy to establish accounting procedures to deal with this changing landscape and accountants must adapt to these changes.

Fair Value Accounting

The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board notes the need for accountants to be able to perform audits on the basis of fair value for financial investment vehicles. In the aftermath of the financial problems that began to emerge in 2008 and 2009, accountants must be aware of the potential for accountants to either misinterpret financial data or be misled because of the inability to obtain accurate market information. Accountants must have extensive knowledge of market valuation techniques to ensure that they are assigning the proper value to investments.

Ethics

The issue of ethical accounting is closely tied to the increased regulation in the accounting industry and the need for fair market valuation. Accountants in the newly emerging economic climate must adhere to a higher ethical standard than has been maintained in the past. In an economic climate where it may be tempting to bend the rules to make a fortune, accountants must be careful not to cross legal boundaries that could later put them in hot water with the regulatory authorities. This is also closely tied to bookkeeping efforts, but it goes beyond simple record-keeping to include business associations that accountants keep and the activities they are involved in outside the office.